This article describes a different approach that contains a fusion of various states of matter (mainly fourth and fifth important states) with the highlights of a recent revelation of NASA researchers on the fifth extra-ordinary state and it's future aspects towards Universe.
 |
| Bose-Einstein Condensate (Representational ) |
Matter is a substance or a stuff which any physical object formed or composed of. This is something the whole Universe is made up of. State of matter is a particular state, a condition or any distinct form in which a matter can exist.
Commonly we know the three common states i.e solid, liquid and gaseous state in which matter exists normally. The next is a fourth fundamental state in which a certain portion of the particle is ionised called as plasma. It is a quasi-neutral ionized gas consisting of positive and negative charged particles which is a common state of matter exist in the entire universe.“99.99% of the universe is made up of plasma. Very little material in space is made of rock like the Earth.” – said by a plasma physicist Dr. Dennis Gallagher at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center.
Plasma researchers report that
plasmas are present in the whole solar system and in outer space i.e in the
solar wind, solar corona, interstellar materials, intergalactic medias,
accretion disks, black holes, magnetosphere of Earth, tails of comets and even
in other stars and planets.
 |
| Most important
constituent of Universe i.e Plasma present in different astrnomical objects: (View plasma
representational) |
There is an another mysterious state exist called Bose-Einstein condensate state which was predicted a century ago but researchers couldn’t be able to prove it’s existence. Recently scientists reveal the presence of the fifth state and they found some exiciting facts on this which could help to find a way towards quantum computing, communications, quantum gravity and to solve quantum universe conundrums.
When gas molecules come close
together and form liquid, there occurs a loss of energy which is called as
condensation. BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensate) is that form of matter in which boson
gas at low densities is required to cool at absolute zero temperature. In this
state, atoms never behave individually rather they clump together behaving as a
one big super atom. The name of boson was given by the name of Indian
mathematician S N Bose. In 1920s S N Bose Albert Einstein together was
predicted about the existence of BECs but there were no proved result of this
state at that time.
Team of NASA scientists observed
the experimental result of BECs aboard the International Space Station for the
first time. Actual experiment was started by the Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) of NASA
in ISS in 2018. But this was the first time they achieved the Fifth state of
matter in the lower Earth orbit.
Watch below a video provided by
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory highlighted their workings and advantages of
creating the state of matter in space:)
The US Space Agency said,"Experiment with this fifth state of matter could lead the deeper insight into how world works on Fundamental level. For example scientists will be able to measure the very faint tug of gravity that is still present aboard the station." Studies of Bose-Einstein Condensate aboard the station could also lead to new technologies, like better tools for navigation and more precise clocks," NASA added
On Earth laboratories, the BECs
can maintain only for some milliseconds but the experiment aboard the ISS has
created Bose-Einstein Condensate that persisted for more than a second. Presence
of microgravity in ISS helped in persuing the experiment.
Future Aspects of BECs:-
The state is very dynamic which can be used in many important aspects in the field of quantum research also opens up many ideas related research on dark matter, dark energy and other phenomena of Universe.
Universe contain dark matters which contain Bosons of mass of about 1ev or less has a critical temperature exceeding of the Universe at all times, hence would have formed BECs at very early epochs.
We also show that wave function of this condensate, via the quantum potential it produces, give rise to a cosmological constant that may account for the correct dark energy content of our Universe.We argue that massive gravitons or axions are viable things for these constituents. This condensate is all that remains of our Universe in the far future.
This condensate is an exotic ultracold gas studied in space which could used to build quantum sensors that probe may lead to identify the property of Universe with extreme precision.
Refer the following video to know everything about BECs described by NASA Researchers:)
1 Comments
Nice
ReplyDelete